quantum computing There is a devilish complex technique, in which many technical barriers affect its development. Two of these challenges stand out: Melodial And QBIT quality.

IBM Has adopted Over -conductor Quit road map of Access to 1,121-quit processor by 20231,000 is leading to expectation Quits Today’s quit form is possible with factor. However, current approaches will require very large chips (50 millimeters or large) on the scale of small wafers, or on the scale of use. Chiplet On the multicip module. While this approach will work, the purpose is to achieve a better way towards scalability.

Now on researchers MIT is capable of reducing both the size of the Qables And this is done in a way that reduces the intervention between neighboring Quality. MIT Researchers have increased the number Superconducting Qubetes It can be added to the device by a factor of 100.

“We are addressing both QBIT miniature and quality,” William OliverDirector for Quantum engineering center On MIT. “Unlike traditional transistor scaling, where only the number really matters, for the Quality, a large number are not enough, they should also have high performance. Sacrifying performance for a quit number. It is not a useful business in quantum computing. They should go hand in hand.”

The key to this major growth in QBIT density and reduction in intervention comes down to the use of two-dimensional materials, especially 2D insulator hexagonal boron nitride (HBN). MIT researchers showed that some HBN atoms may be stacked to make insulators. Capacitor Of a superconducting quit.

Like other capacitors, the capacitors in these superconducting circuits take the form of a sandwich with a sandwich between two metal plates. The big difference for these capacitors is that superconducting circuits can only operate at extremely low temperatures-less than 0.02 degrees from full zero (-273.15 ° C).

Superconducting Qualbits are measured at low temperatures as 20 milicillwin in a weak refrigerator.Nathan fishe/soil

In that environment, insulating materials that are available for jobs, such as PE-CVD Silicon oxide Or silicon nitride, quite a few defects that are very harmful for quantum computing applications. To get around the shortcomings of these materials, most superconducting circuits are used called Koplanar capacitors. In these capacitors, the plates are deployed later to each other instead of each other.

Consequently, the interior silicon substrate under the plates and the vacuum capacitor above the plates up to a small degree serve as a creator. The inner silicon is chemically purified and therefore contains some defects, and thinning the electric field on the larger size plate interface, which leads to all low-loss capacitor. The lateral size of each plate in this open-facial design is quite large (usually 100 by 100 micrometers) to achieve the required capacitance.

In an attempt to move away from large lateral configurations, MIT researchers did their work on the discovery of an insulator that have very few defects and are compatible with superconducting capacitor plates.

“We chose to study HBN because it is the most widely used insulator in 2D content research, which is due to its hygiene and chemical inertia,” said the Couled author said Joel WangA research scientist in the engineering quantum system group of MIT Research Laboratory for Electronics.

On either side of HBN, MIT researchers used 2D superconducting materials, Nyobium chaos. According to Wang, one of the most complicated aspects of creating capacitors was working with a nyobium dislennide, which oxidizes in seconds. It is necessary that the assembly of the capacitor is in a glove box filled with argon gas.

Although this will complicate the scaling of the production of these capacitors complex, Wang does not consider it as a limited factor.

“The quality factor of the capacitor determines that there are two interfaces between the two materials,” Wang said. “Once the sandwich is made, the two interfaces” seals “and we do not see any noticeable fall over time when exposure to the atmosphere.”

This decrease is the decrease because about 90 percent of the electric field lies within the sandwich structure, so Oxidation The outer surface of nyobium dicelinide no longer plays an important role. This eventually makes the capacitor footprint very small, and is responsible for a decrease in cross talks between neighboring Qubles.

“The main challenge to increase construction will increase HBN and 2D wafer-scal Over -conductor Like [niobium diselenide]And how can anyone do wafer-scal stacking of these films, ”Wang said.

Wang believes that this research has shown 2D HBN a good insulator candidate for superconducting qualities. He says that the groundwork done by the MIT team will work as a road map to use other hybrids. 2D materials To make superconducting circuits.